Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes

McSwiney, Fionn T. and Wardrop, Bruce and Hyde, Parker N. and Lafountain, Richard A. and Volek, Jeff S. and Doyle, Lorna (2018) Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 81. pp. 25-34. ISSN 0026-0495

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Abstract

Background Low-carbohydrate diets have recently grown in popularity among endurance athletes, yet little is known about the long-term (> 4 wk) performance implications of consuming a low-carbohydrate high fat ketogenic diet (LCKD) in well-trained athletes. Methods Twenty male endurance-trained athletes (age 33 ± 11 y, body mass 80 ± 11 kg; BMI 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) who habitually consumed a carbohydrate-based diet, self-selected into a high-carbohydrate (HC) group (n = 11, %carbohydrate:protein:fat = 65:14:20), or a LCKD group (n = 9, 6:17:77). Both groups performed the same training intervention (endurance, strength and high intensity interval training (HIIT)). Prior to and following successful completion of 12-weeks of diet and training, participants had their body composition assessed, and completed a 100 km time trial (TT), six second (SS) sprint, and a critical power test (CPT). During post-intervention testing the HC group consumed 30–60 g/h carbohydrate, whereas the LCKD group consumed water, and electrolytes. Results The LCKD group experienced a significantly greater decrease in body mass (HC − 0.8 kg, LCKD − 5.9 kg; P = 0.006, effect size (ES): 0.338) and percentage body fat percentage (HC − 0.7%, LCKD − 5.2%; P = 0.008, ES: 0.346). Fasting serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) significantly increased from 0.1 at baseline to 0.5 mmol/L in the LCKD group (P = 0.011, ES: 0.403) in week 12. There was no significant change in performance of the 100 km TT between groups (HC − 1.13 min·s, LCKD − 4.07 min·s, P = 0.057, ES: 0.196). SS sprint peak power increased by 0.8 watts per kilogram bodyweight (w/kg) in the LCKD group, versus a − 0.1 w/kg reduction in the HC group (P = 0.025, ES: 0.263). CPT peak power decreased by − 0.7 w/kg in the HC group, and increased by 1.4 w/kg in the LCKD group (P = 0.047, ES: 0.212). Fat oxidation in the LCKD group was significantly greater throughout the 100 km TT. Conclusions Compared to a HC comparison group, a 12-week period of keto-adaptation and exercise training, enhanced body composition, fat oxidation during exercise, and specific measures of performance relevant to competitive endurance athletes.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2712
Departments or Groups:
Depositing User:	Admin SSL
Date Deposited:	19 Oct 2022 23:01
Last Modified:	13 Aug 2023 02:05
URI:	http://repository-testing.wit.ie/id/eprint/3661

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