Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

Prado-Cabrero, Alfonso and Herena-Garcia, Rafael and Nolan, John M. (2022) Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor. Scientific Reports, 12 (1). ISSN 2045-2322

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Abstract

Aquaculture is looking for substitutes for fishmeal and fish oil to maintain its continued growth. Zooplankton is the most nutritious option, but its controlled mass production has not yet been achieved. In this context, we have developed a monoalgal ‘green water’ closed-loop bioreactor with the microalgae Tetraselmis chui that continuously produced the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. During 145 days of operation, the 2.2 m3 bioreactor produced 3.9 kg (wet weight) of Tigriopus with (dry weight) 0.79 ± 0.29% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.82 ± 0.26% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1.89 ± 0,60% 3S,3’S-astaxanthin and an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 97% for juvenile Atlantic salmon. The reactor kept the pH stable over the operation time (pH 8.81 ± 0.40 in the algae phase and pH 8.22 ± 2.96 in the zooplankton phase), while constantly removed nitrate (322.6 mg L−1) and phosphate (20.4 mg L−1) from the water. As a result of the stable pH and nutrient removal, the bioreactor achieved zero effluent discharges. The upscaling of monoalgal, closed-loop ‘green water’ bioreactors could help standardize zooplankton mass production to supply the aquafeeds industry.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Funding Information: This research was funded by the ERC-OA-2013-PoC—European Research Council ERC Proof of Concept under the program FP7-IDEAS-ERC, with Grant Agreement ID: 630671. This research also received funding from Enterprise Ireland Commercialization Fund Program, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Ireland’s European Structural and Investment Funds Programs 2014–2020, with grant number CF20160426. Industrial Organica S.A. (IOSA, Monterrey, Mexico) and Nutralgae Ltd (Waterford, Ireland) also supported this research. Waterford Institute of Technology supported the open access publication of the manuscript. Funding Information: A.P.-C. was supported by Enterprise Ireland, whose aim is to bring research to the market, and by a joint research center grant from the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and the Department of Agriculture, Food, and Marine on behalf of the government of Ireland under grant number 16/RC/3835—Vistamilk. R.H.-G., was supported by Enterprise Ireland and Industrial Organica S.A. (IOSA), dedicated to the production and commercialization of carotenoids. J.M.N. was a director of Nutralgae Ltd (Waterford, Ireland), dedicated to the commercialisation of carotenoids from microalgae. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).
Uncontrolled Keywords:	/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1000
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Depositing User:	Admin SSL
Date Deposited:	19 Oct 2022 23:10
Last Modified:	11 Aug 2023 19:20
URI:	http://repository-testing.wit.ie/id/eprint/4471

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